The one mistake in cross stitch you cannot undo is cutting the fabric too small. Everything else — a miscount, a wrong shade, a crooked line — can be unpicked. A piece of Aida that is two inches short cannot be made longer.
So the arithmetic below is worth five minutes before you reach for the scissors. It is simple arithmetic, and there are only two numbers in it.
**Finished size in inches = stitches ÷ fabric count.** Then add margin on all four sides. DMC recommends a clear border of at least [8 cm / 3 inches](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-prepare-fabric) all the way round, so:
**Fabric to cut = (stitches wide ÷ count + 6) × (stitches tall ÷ count + 6) inches**
A 140 × 100 stitch chart on 14-count Aida finishes at 10 × 7.1 inches, so cut a piece at least 16 × 13.1 inches. For centimeters, multiply inches by 2.54.
## The two numbers that decide everything
**Stitch count** is how many squares your chart has across and down. It is printed on the pattern, and it does not change no matter what fabric you use.
**Fabric count** is how many stitches fit in an inch. DMC defines it plainly: the count is [the number of stitches you can make in an inch](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-what-fabric), and the higher the count, the smaller your stitches. 14-count Aida gives 14 stitches per inch, and DMC recommends it for beginners.
That is the whole basis of the calculation:
> **Finished size (inches) = number of stitches ÷ fabric count**
Do it once for the width and once for the height.
## Worked example: a 140 × 100 chart
Take a typical photo pattern, 140 stitches wide by 100 tall.
| Fabric | Width: 140 ÷ count | Height: 100 ÷ count | Finished design size |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11-count | 140 ÷ 11 = 12.7 | 100 ÷ 11 = 9.1 | 12.7 × 9.1 in (32.3 × 23.1 cm) |
| 14-count | 140 ÷ 14 = 10.0 | 100 ÷ 14 = 7.1 | 10.0 × 7.1 in (25.4 × 18.1 cm) |
| 16-count | 140 ÷ 16 = 8.8 | 100 ÷ 16 = 6.3 | 8.8 × 6.3 in (22.2 × 15.9 cm) |
| 18-count | 140 ÷ 18 = 7.8 | 100 ÷ 18 = 5.6 | 7.8 × 5.6 in (19.8 × 14.1 cm) |
Notice that the chart is identical in all four rows. The same 14,000 stitches, the same detail, the same color key. Only the size changes. **Detail comes from the stitch count; the fabric count only decides how big the result is.**
## Now add the margin
The design size is not the fabric size. You need bare fabric around the stitching to hold the work, to mount it, and to allow for fraying.
DMC's guidance is a clear border of at least [8 cm / 3 inches](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-prepare-fabric) all the way around the design, and it notes the exact border depends on your hoop or frame. Three inches on each side means adding **6 inches to the width and 6 inches to the height**.
> **Fabric to cut (inches) = (stitches wide ÷ count) + 6, by (stitches tall ÷ count) + 6**
Applied to the same 140 × 100 chart:
| Fabric | Design size | Fabric to cut (3 in margin) | In centimeters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11-count | 12.7 × 9.1 in | 18.7 × 15.1 in | 47.6 × 38.3 cm |
| 14-count | 10.0 × 7.1 in | 16.0 × 13.1 in | 40.6 × 33.4 cm |
| 16-count | 8.8 × 6.3 in | 14.8 × 12.3 in | 37.5 × 31.1 cm |
| 18-count | 7.8 × 5.6 in | 13.8 × 11.6 in | 35.0 × 29.4 cm |
A second example, a larger portrait at 200 × 150 stitches:
| Fabric | Design size | Fabric to cut (3 in margin) |
|---|---|---|
| 11-count | 18.2 × 13.6 in | 24.2 × 19.6 in |
| 14-count | 14.3 × 10.7 in | 20.3 × 16.7 in |
| 16-count | 12.5 × 9.4 in | 18.5 × 15.4 in |
| 18-count | 11.1 × 8.3 in | 17.1 × 14.3 in |
And a small one, 60 × 60 stitches on 18-count: 60 ÷ 18 = 3.3 inches square, so cut about 9.3 inches square. On a small design the margin is bigger than the design, which looks absurd and is still correct — a hoop needs something to grip.
Here is the same arithmetic as a calculator — type in your chart's stitch count and adjust the margin if your hoop or framing plans call for more than 3 inches:
## Working in centimeters
Two routes, same answer.
Either do the sum in inches and multiply by 2.54, or convert the count first: stitches per centimeter = count ÷ 2.54, so 14-count is 5.5 stitches per cm, and 140 ÷ 5.5 = 25.4 cm. For the margin, DMC's 8 cm border means adding **16 cm** to each dimension.
| Count | Stitches per cm |
|---|---|
| 11 | 4.3 |
| 14 | 5.5 |
| 16 | 6.3 |
| 18 | 7.1 |
## When 3 inches is not enough
DMC's 3 inches is a sensible floor. Three situations call for more, and it is worth thinking about your finish before you cut rather than after.
### You are using a hoop that has to be moved
If your hoop is smaller than the design, you will be repositioning it as you work, and the fabric needs to extend far enough beyond the hoop in every position for the rings to grip. The practical rule is that the fabric should extend an inch or two past the outer ring wherever the hoop sits — so measure the hoop, place it mentally at the far edges of the design, and add from there. This is a working allowance rather than a published standard, so err upward.
### You are lacing the work over a mount board for framing
Framed cross stitch is usually stretched over a board and laced or taped at the back. That takes fabric: enough to wrap the edge of the board, plus enough left over to pull against. Two inches beyond the visible area on each side is a common working allowance, and on a thick board you want more. If you already know the frame, work from the frame's opening rather than from the design size.
### The fabric frays badly
Aida frays. DMC suggests you [hem the edges or cover them with masking tape](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-prepare-fabric) to stop it while you work. A hem eats fabric; tape does not, but it can leave residue on a piece you handle for months. Either way, add a little.
Fabric is cheap and projects are long. Round every figure up to the next whole inch or two, and then add an inch for luck. The only person who has ever regretted a generous margin is someone who had to buy a slightly larger frame; the alternative is starting the whole piece again.
## Putting the design where you meant it
Two habits that keep the arithmetic honest once the fabric is cut.
**Find the center before you start.** Fold the fabric in half and in half again, and mark the center point. DMC advises [starting from the center](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-begin) of the chart and the center of the fabric so the design lands where you planned. If you start from a corner, a small error in your margin calculation pushes the whole design toward one edge.
**Grid the fabric if the chart is dense.** Marking 10 by 10 blocks with washable thread or a fabric marker, matching the chart's heavy lines, catches counting errors while they can still be fixed. This is particularly worth it for photo patterns, where the symbols are many and similar — see [confetti stitches](/blog/cross-stitch-confetti-stitches).
## Common mistakes
| Mistake | What happens | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Using the design size as the fabric size | No room to hoop or frame | Add margin on all four sides, always |
| Adding 3 inches to the total instead of each side | Half the margin you need | Add 6 inches to each dimension |
| Forgetting the pattern includes a border or lettering | Stitching runs off the edge | Use the full stitch count from the chart, including any border |
| Changing fabric count after buying | Design finishes a different size | Recalculate, and recheck your floss — lower counts often use more strands |
| Measuring the hoop's inner ring | Fabric too small to tighten | Work from the outer ring, plus an inch or two |
| Cutting a square for a rectangular design | Wasted fabric, or a short side | Calculate each dimension separately |
## Choosing the count in the first place
If you have not chosen a fabric yet, the sum runs backwards just as well: divide the stitch count by the finished size you want to get the count you need. A 140-stitch-wide chart that has to fit a 10-inch frame opening needs 140 ÷ 10 = 14-count.
Be realistic about what you can see, though. Higher counts make smaller stitches, which is lovely for detail and hard on the eyes in evening light. The trade-offs by count, with strand and needle pairings, are in the [Aida cloth count guide](/blog/aida-cloth-count-guide), and [how many colors a photo pattern should use](/blog/how-many-colors-cross-stitch-pattern) covers the other half of the sizing decision.
One last check before you shop: changing fabric count changes how much thread each stitch uses, so recalculate your skeins if you move off the count the pattern assumed. The method is in [how much embroidery floss you need](/blog/how-much-embroidery-floss-do-i-need).
And if you are working from a photo rather than a bought chart, [generate the preview first](/#start): it gives you the stitch count that the whole calculation above depends on.
## Frequently asked questions
### How do I calculate cross stitch fabric size?
Divide the stitches in each direction by the fabric count to get the finished design size in inches, then add margin on all four sides. DMC recommends a clear border of at least 8 cm / 3 inches, which means adding 6 inches to each dimension before you cut.
### How much extra fabric should I leave around a cross stitch design?
At least 3 inches on every side, which is DMC's own recommendation for a design you intend to mount and frame. Leave more if you will use a hoop that has to be repositioned, if you plan to lace the work over a thick mount board, or if the fabric frays easily.
### Does the fabric count change how much fabric I need?
Yes, and quite a lot. The same chart is smaller on a higher count, so it needs less fabric. A 140 by 100 stitch chart needs a piece about 18.7 by 15.1 inches on 11-count but only about 13.8 by 11.6 inches on 18-count, margins included.
### How do I work out the size in centimeters?
Work it out in inches first and multiply by 2.54, or divide the fabric count by 2.54 to get stitches per centimeter and divide the stitch count by that. 14-count is about 5.5 stitches per centimeter, so 140 stitches is about 25.4 cm.
### What if I cut the fabric too small?
You cannot add fabric back, so the only options are to move the design off-center, reduce the stitched area, or start again on a new piece. Cutting generously costs a little fabric; cutting short costs the project. When in doubt, add another inch on each side.
### Can I use a different fabric count from the one the pattern suggests?
Yes. The chart is unchanged; only the finished size moves. Recalculate the size and the fabric before you buy, and remember that a lower count usually means more strands of floss per stitch, so your skein estimate changes too.
## Sources
- [DMC — How to prepare your fabric (clear border of at least 8 cm / 3 inches; hemming or taping edges)](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-prepare-fabric)
- [DMC — What fabric should I use? (count is the number of stitches per inch; 14-count for beginners)](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-what-fabric)
- [DMC — Aida embroidery fabric (count is stitches per inch; 14-count is the most popular)](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/products/aida-embroidery-fabric)
- [DMC — How to begin cross stitch (start from the center)](https://www.dmc.com/US/en/technique-cross-stitch-begin)
- [The Cross Stitch Guild — Cross stitch FAQs (finished size formula)](https://www.thecrossstitchguild.com/cross-stitch-basics/cross-stitch-faqs.aspx)